Is it possible to identify who is to blame for the debt crisis Essay Example

Is it conceivable to distinguish who is to be faulted for the obligation emergency Essay The obligation emergency, a term utilized for talking about the circumstance of third world obligation, is an amazingly mind boggling issue, with various variables influencing the continually fluctuating and expanding issue that a significant number of the least evolved nations (LDCs) are as yet confronting today. One of the key parts of the obligation emergency isn't really the credits themselves all nations have some deficiency, yet rather the maintainability of the obligation; that is whether a nation can stand to reimburse the advances it has taken out (if an obligation is over 40% of a nations GDP it qualifies as nsustainable). Questions that rings a bell when taking a gander at the obligation emergency today, and to be sure the emergency that has been creating since the 1960s, is in what capacity would creditors be able to be glad to loan cash to creating nations whose circumstance shows a high unlikelihood of having the option to reimburse the advances without tremendous harm to their economy for which the advances are intended to be gainful? Are these choices determined? What's more, for what reason are the advances hurting not making a difference? It is the idea of an entrepreneur, consumerist economy for advances to be supported whether for a tremendous scope uch as those looked by LDCs in the obligation emergency, or little scope advances, for example, Mastercards and home loans. (I feel that it ought to be noticed that credits between nations is certainly not another idea and has a past filled with more than 175 years (Sachs, 1989:4) around a similar time as free enterprise took fortification over the world). We will compose a custom exposition test on Is it conceivable to recognize who is at fault for the obligation emergency explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Is it conceivable to recognize who is to be faulted for the obligation emergency explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Is it conceivable to distinguish who is to be faulted for the obligation emergency explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Albeit hypothetically these obligations should be a venture which will be valuable in the long haul, it has become the case in numerous nations that credits can in actuality forbid the size of progress that can be made because of the numerous limitations of reimbursing the ebts (which are frequently devastating sums), which means LDCs think that its difficult to make up for lost time to increasingly created nations regardless of the sum they advance. Inside the cutting edge culture of global super powers and a macroeconomic atmosphere that feeds off the monetary circumstance of the considerable number of nations associated with exchange, it is hard to allocate fault to a solitary component or budgetary body, as is regularly the situation when attempting to pinpoint obligation regarding emergency. To be sure the same number of the readings accentuate (Sachs, Whaites, Jain) it is the loan bosses censure the account holders for having awful monetary olicies, while the borrowers accuse the leasers for the uncalled for advantage the financiers hold. In any case, this is a very distorted perspective on doling out fault, and in this paper will investigate the assortment of clarifications of how such an obligation emergency rose and who, on the off chance that anybody, can be thought of as mindful. To see all the more completely the causes of the obligation emergency it is basic that we comprehend the financial circumstance at the hour of the primary advances, as such for what reason did certain nations need to get tremendous measures of cash which would come to injure their expectations for fruitful turn of events. Huge numbers of the primary credits to LDCs were made during the 1960s after the monetary burglary (Whaites, 1991) that was imperialism. Following their autonomy following quite a while of exploitative and self-intrigued arrangements actualized by provincial forces (which incorporated the nations that would turn into the loan bosses), huge numbers of todays LDCs were allowed opportunity without the thought of how they would continue to effectively create after such huge numbers of their assets had been taken without re venture from pioneer power; the apparatuses required for huge improvement had been taken and utilized before these nations had reedom and the chance to set up a foundation equipped for accomplishing financial and social advancement, for instance nations, for example, Zambia couldn't handle issues, for example, wellbeing and training among others, a significant number of which are as yet conspicuous issues today (see rundown of MDGs on UN site). Notwithstanding, in the wake of at last being given opportunity numerous nations confronting these difficulties chose acquired gigantic adds up to support except ionally aspiring objectives, and furthermore to get over the gaps inside the economy (World Bank site, for example, the need to import merchandise, for example, oil and iron because of absence of industrialisation. This, thusly prompted a high reliance on fundamental ware trades (Whaites 1991), which would have been alright insofar as the economy kept on being prosperous and there remained purchasers for the fares. These variables prompted where various nations confronted basic circumstances (Easterly, 2002:2) with respect to their obligation administration installments. Anyway a genuine emergency didn't rise until the 1970s, when the cost of oil untoldly affected the following 40 years of obligation. In the mid 70s and again later in the decade oil costs rose significantly, prompting mass measures of oney being advanced to numerous LCDs with oil saves, who clearly figured financial victories would be made quickly. Anyway the financial circumstance got ugly and soon swelling and loan fees rose and those leasers who had dashed (Eichengreen Lindert 1992:1) to loan cash for potential petro dollars (Whaites 1991), left numerous nations not just with an a lot higher obligation and a lot higher financing costs, yet in addition a world market confronting a downturn, which means economies that depended on profoundly on exchange would discover less purchasers and lower costs for their fares. Nations that had contributed every one of their expectations and obtained inance in the oil exchange currently confronted obligations that were totally unreasonable and those without holds confronted financial development that was too delayed to even think about repaying the cash that had been acquired. This circumstance has been seen in two unique manners, the leasers consider such to be speculations as an awful decision of financial approach, accusing the account holders for their monetary circumstance, while the borrowers blame the banks that were so quick to loan bounteous (Sachs 1989: 2) measures of cash out much after costs for oil had dropped for they were engrossed with the enormous returns they were etting from past credits, one driving bank was taking a gander at 72% of the general income originating from global activities in 1976 (Sachs 1989:8), which means moneylenders were visually impaired located to the way that it was diminish that the obligation brought about during the 1970s ver repaid in full (Eichengreen Lindert 1992:3). The occasions during the 1970s set the trend for the following 20+ years, where issues were confronted to a great extent by an assortment of circumstances and logical results circumstances, which means fault could be circled again and again, ther e is no unmistakable reason. Anyway a few nations, for example, Indonesia and South Korea effectively figured out how to increase some monetary thriving hrough advances, bringing up the issue of whether they made shrewd speculations restricted to the purported awful financial approaches of some obligated nations, or whether their ventures were fortunate and gotten the economy at the perfect time, featuring again the trouble of allocating fault. While OECD states recuperated from the downturn sensibly effectively, the vigorously obliged nations fell further and further behind. On account of Latin America the monetary circumstance arrived at such a serious issue, that Mexico defaulted on their advance, having an enormous thump on impact on the ability of loan bosses to loan. Leaving battling ountries with no cash to contribute, no generous interest for the fare items they depended on so vigorously and a drawback in the exchange showcase, due to OECD states embracing protectionist approaches, driving a wedge among market and shadow costs (Sachs 1989:13) and coming about in LDCs having almost no cash for venture and improvement of government assistance as it was being utilized for industrialism. Loan bosses had lost confidence briefly in loaning out cash (in spite of the fact that loaning was reestablished inside a couple of brief years) feeling indebted individuals had delved themselves in an opening they couldn't escape, with no way out from the administration obligation they were attempting to manage. Maybe it is conceivable that not well idea out, unreasonable monetary arrangements were applied in this period that never really further broaden the hole LDCs were urgently attempting to close, different awful speculations were made, which brought about minimal financial advantages from the huge advances embraced. I feel it is begging to be proven wrong whether the banks had been uninformed to the gigantic hazard they were taking through loaning cash (maybe they even felt they needed to do as such as to give nations a possibility? or on the other hand whether the hazard was constantly expected to end severely meaning the LDCs remained subjected to rich owerful nations that p reviously existed, the previous provincial powers that had given nations opportunity just because of the inconceivability of holding their realm effectively, guaranteeing increasingly modest work and open doors for modest exchange and abuse of the underdeveloped nations who were caught in their financial circumstance. Indeed, even late obligation alleviation programs that have been set up must be addressed, while it is too early to determine what impact the multilateral obligation help activity will have, as Easterly remarks, the most recent 3 years have seen obligation proportions drop and per capita ncome ascend in nations that had been considered at consummation point in the HIPC activity of which the advantages are still up 'til now hazy. So as to pick up help HIPC nations must consent to exacting monetary orders (Jubilee USA brief 2008) and permit the IMF to control key arrangements with respect to money related spending as far as anyone knows to guarantee evasion of any progressively terrible approaches being made. In any case, strategies actualized by the IMF ha

Douglas Gibson Andy Fraser Business Law - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Douglas Gibson Andy Fraser Business Law? Answer: Introducation There are various torts in Australia, which are applied on the day by day lives of the individuals. In any case, the most noticeable one in such manner is the tort of carelessness. Where an instance of carelessness is appeared by the wronged party, they can make a case of carelessness in the court and are granted damages[1]. So as to show that an instance of carelessness was available, the abused party needs to show that specific segments were available. These are the obligation of care being owed towards them, the obligation of care being repudiated/damaged, the equivalent bringing about injury/misfortune/hurt, the misfortune being sensibly predictable, the remoteness of misfortunes, the nearness among parties, and finally, the immediate causation component[2]. Aside from these prerequisites, which have been given under the custom-based law, the legal law likewise gives the arrangements respects to carelessness and this have been expressed under the Civil Liability Act, 2002[3], whi ch is material in the locale of New South Wales. Under area 5B(1) of this demonstration, it has been expressed that an individual can be considered responsible for the embraced carelessness in such a situation where there has been no disappointment in attempted the necessary safety measures against the specific danger of misfortune or injury, trailed by the danger of such misfortune being predictable in a sensible way and the equivalent huge so that a sensible individual would have applied certain precautionary measures to protect from its occurrence[4]. Under area 5B(2) of this demonstration, the obligation of care is regarded to be repudiated whenever there is an opportunity of the damage or the misfortune occurring and the equivalent isn't considered appropriately, and this mischief or misfortune is not kidding in nature. Furthermore, there must be a disappointment in mulling over, the weight of applying the needful precautionary measures or shields in order to stay away from the mischief and the social utility of the action whi ch was undertaken[5]. For building up an instance of carelessness, the absolute initial step is to show the nearness of obligation of care by one individual to the next person. In such manner, the instance of Donoghue v Stevenson[6] ends up being of help. For this situation, a dead snail was seen as present inside the ginger lager bottle, which was produced by the respondent of this case. The respondent denied that they owed an obligation of care towards the purchaser as the customer had purchased the container in a bistro. The defilement of the container made the offended party debilitated and the court concurred with her case that the litigant had penetrated their obligation of care for this situation. The raison d'tre for holding that an obligation of care was available for the litigant was given to be the connection between the maker and the customer, and the predictability of such injury in a normal manner[7]. Next comes setting up that a commitment of care was contradicted which brought about a critical misfortune or mischief to the plaintiff[8]. On account of Paris v Stepney Borough Council[9], this was set up effectively. For this situation, the respondent had utilized the offended party for a specific work, which expected him to be furnished with wellbeing types of gear. In any case, this was not done and the offended party got blinded as a corroded jolt flew into his eye in the wake of getting free. The offended party sued the respondent for breaking their obligation of care and the court maintained the case as the setback on part of the litigant in giving the needful types of gear was viewed as a negation of the commitment of care. The visual deficiency was a critical physical issue, which prompted the harms being granted to the offended party. In the Wagon Mound case, completely known as Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd[10] the harms were not granted du e to the remoteness of harms. In this way, the harms can't be remote and must be significant in nature for a case of carelessness to succeed[11]. Another segment of making a case of carelessness is the injury to be predictable in a way which can be considered as predictable. For choosing if a specific misfortune or damage is sensibly predictable or not, the perspective on an impartial reasonable individual must be taken and this prerequisite was given in the legitimate matter of Wyong Shire Council v Shirt[12]. Another prerequisite is for the gatherings to have nearness between them in such a way, that the activities embraced by one gathering can affect the other party. On account of Perre v Apand[13] because of the nearness, the offended parties farmland was curved and the court expressed that the litigant needed to repay the offended party for their misfortune. Upon the prerequisites expressed here being finished, the official courtroom sets up the nearness of carelessness and grants the harms refered to by the plaintiff[14]. A standard of care is additionally set for experts, which was given in the milestone instance of Rogers v Whitaker[15]. In this specific occasion, the respondent had been nearly blinded, since she was just nine, in her one eye. At the point when she accomplished the age of forty seven, she went for a schedule based examination and there she was alluded for a medical procedure, and this referral proposed her to go to the appealing party. The litigant expressed that by going ahead with this activity, on her working eye, it would be kept from a chance of glaucoma as the scar tissue would be expelled from her great eye. When the activity was attempted, the state of her eye didn't improve in her great eye, and her practically visually impaired eye got totally blinded. It was found later on that the respondent had not been made mindful of the dangers of this activity by the litigant thus, an inquiry was brought up in the court concerning the appellants disappointment in illuminating the pa tient about the dangers, as a penetrate of their obligation of care. In the perspective on the court, this activity of the appealing party was an away from of the commitment of care since the court accepted that the respondent was not made mindful about the dangers, which could have permitted the litigant in settling on an informed choice, where they could or couldn't have proceeded with the activity. The purpose behind holding the appealing party subject was the distinction in the standard of care for a talented individual from a common person[16]. The contextual analysis for which the investigation is being directed has comparative realities to the instance of Cattanach v Melchior[17] in which the mother experienced cleansing procedure with the specialist. But then, she considered and brought forth a sound kid. For this situation, the court maintained the supplication of the mother and held the specialist careless, whereby he was approached to give money related pay to the mother, which was equivalent to a sum for the expense of raising and keeping up a sound child. The given contextual investigation features that Nguyens were the patient of Dr. Unmistakable and this built up a relationship of patient and specialist between the two. This relationship shows that there was vicinity among Nguyens and Dr. Obvious, where the activities of the specialist could affect Nguyens without any problem. Applying the instance of Donoghue v Stevenson, the specialist would be considered to owe an obligation of care towards Nguyens as any shortage in satisfying their work, could harm Nguyens. As an obligation of care was available, the specialist was under a commitment to illuminate Nguyens that the strategy being embraced gotten the opportunities of recanalization, which could get Nguyens pregnant significantly after cleansing. There is a need to show that the obligation was penetrated and this is available in the specialist not advising the Nguyens that this system could bring about recanalization. This penetrate of obligation is available because of the releva nce of Rogers v Whitaker, where the specialist owed a better quality of care because of being an expert. Also, the nonattendance of this data shows that the Nguyens couldn't settle on an educated choice. The penetrate of obligation of care can likewise be built up through the instance of Paris v Stepney Borough Council, as the misfortune for this situation would be considered as a significant one inferable from the way that the new conceived child had Down condition plausibility, due to being imagined at a late stage and with age, this chance of infection was raised. Further, likewise based on Perre v Apand, the nearness between a patient and their primary care physician would make Dr. Unmistakable subject towards Nguyens. Sensible predictability is a key necessity according to the principles expressed above, under the legal and custom-based law. For making Dr. Obvious responsible under carelessness, area 5B requires to build up that the specialist had bombed in embraced the necessary consideration and a method of reasoning specialist would have utilized these protections. For this, the perspective on a sensible individual must be considered according to Wyong Shire Council v Shirt. Since the decision of Rogers v Whitaker, specialists have gotten progressively proactive and are required to advise the patients regarding every single imaginable result. As Dr. Unmistakable didn't do as such, he neglected to embrace what was sensible predictable and this would again make him obligated as the Nguyens lost their chance of settling on an educated choice because of need regarding significant data. As the carelessness of Dr. Obvious has just been built up, the materialness of the decision of Cattanach v Melchior would make the specialist obligated to pay the expense of bringing up and keeping up the youngster. What's more, as the youngster experienced Down condition, the specialist would likewise need to pay the clinical expenses of the kid, alongside for the psychological misery caused to the Nguyens. To summarize the conversation conveyed here, the appropriateness of the precedent-based law and the legal law makes Dr. Obvious answerable for carelessness and subsequently, he would need to tolerate the expenses of the childs raising, clinical costs, support, and for the psychological trouble caused to the Nguyens. Regardless of whether the new conceived infant can make a case against Dr. Obvious based on the Civil Liability Act, or not? Through various case laws, it has been built up that the unborn youngster, upon

Reflective Essay - Formatting Tips For a Resembling Resume

Reflective Essay - Formatting Tips For a Resembling ResumeIn order to write a reflection essay that will be appealing to your audience, you must be aware of your audience. They should have at least some idea of what kind of essay you are writing. People reading reflections need a variety of characteristics in order to understand the essay, such as being particular about grammar and using persuasive arguments. In order to get across your ideas clearly, you must be able to provide examples so that they can relate your thoughts to their own life experiences.The people who read essays often don't pay attention to the facts or the verbiage. Many times, people are looking for a voice to relate their story to. They want to find a way to express themselves so that they can experience the theme of your essay. Even if you do this perfectly, you still have a chance to convey your thoughts in a powerful way. Make sure that you work on this type of essay by following these tips.A powerful essay c an begin with a strong first impression. With a reflection essay, your first impression is going to carry more weight than an essay that has been written by someone else. You want to make sure that you convey to your readers that you are well versed with their lives and that you have lived your life to the fullest.In your essay, try to provide a description of your experience, describing it from start to finish. Do this as if you were recounting a dream that you had while you were asleep. Describe the events and feelings that you felt in the exact same way as if you were a witness to the experience. At the end of the first paragraph, give a little extra information, using specific details that you have experienced. This will allow the reader to connect with you better.Be sure to use eye-catching words in your essay. Also, try to add in persuasive statements that make your points. If you want to use a direct phrase, make sure to use it in a few sentences. In order to make the point t hat you want to make, make sure that your writing fits with the rest of the essay. Make sure that all of your sentences and paragraphs flow well and look clean.When it comes to formatting your essay, there are a few things that you need to keep in mind. There are some essay formats that are not all that clear. You want to be able to understand what each paragraph is trying to say. That is why, in order to make your essay readable, you need to know how to format it properly.Essays are difficult to read if they are unclear. With that said, the purpose of your essay is to present your thoughts and ideas so that your audience can relate them to their own life experiences. You have to use your words to draw a clear connection between the words you use and the thoughts you express. Your writing should be well organized and your points should be stated clearly. When you want to format your essay, your words need to fit with the formatting of the paper.Understanding your audience is the mos t important reason for understanding how to format your essay. When you understand the audience, you can tell exactly what to include in your writing. You also have the ability to follow the formatting rules that are important in order to make your essays readable. Using these simple tips, you can successfully craft a reflection essay that will stand out from the rest.

Biological Properties Of Breast Milk - 2623 Words

Abstract Imagine a tiny baby born at only thirty weeks and weighs in at 3lbs 5oz. This baby is now considered to be a premature infant. When this happens to a newborn they are immediately taken to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to be assessed and possibly assisted with involuntary actions such as breathing and temperature control. The infant’s body might not be developed enough to regulate blood glucose, fight off infection, or maintain proper liver function. The most substantial concern in premature infants in weight gain. The best way to tackle most of the complications that come with a premature birth is breast milk. Depending on the level of maturity, the newborn can either breastfeed directly from the breast, or the milk can†¦show more content†¦Whether the newborn is being fed through intravenous (IV) or a nasogastric/orogastric (NG/OG) tube it will still be important to try and establish an emotional bond not only for the mother, but for the newborn as well. Newborns have shown to make greater advances in maturity when there is skin-to-skin contact, also known as Kangaroo Care. The benefits of Kangaroo Care coincide with the benefits of the actual mother’s milk. The benefits include; increasing the newborns system immunity, facilitates the parent to newborn bonding, maintains the physiological ability, and also optimizes breastfeeding (Shiau, Anderson, 1997). A quantitative study was done on Kangaroo Care in 1993 that shows during kangaroo care the sample group of newborns showed pulse, oxygen and respiratory rate all within normal limits (Gale, Frank Lund, 1993). This is very important for newborn premature infants because respiration rate is a common issue as well as regulating temperature. If a newborn is skin-to-skin with their parent, the body heat from the parent will help the premature infant increase and maintain their own temperature. The reason a premature infant would need an NG/OG tube could be because their instinct to suckle is not fully developed or matured, their swallow could be underdeveloped, or a mixture of both depending on how premature the newborn

The Relationship Between Bipolar Disorders And Emotion

The Relationship Between Bipolar Disorders and Emotion Bipolar Disorder is a common topic talked about in society. Bipolar Disorder is associated with many symptoms that have an effect on the body. According to Facts (1998) at least two million Americans suffer from bipolar disorders. Sufferers that have bipolar disorders may have visited many doctors and spend at least 8 years or more with their doctor in order to receive the correct treatment for their disorder (Facts 1998). This paper will analyze observations from scholarly articles about the effects of bipolar disorders on children and adults who face bipolar disorders in their everyday life. This paper will also consider the types of treatments that patients with bipolar disorders have to get treated with and how long it takes for the treatments to show behavioral progress. Lastly this paper will also describe how emotional abuse affects sufferers’ behavior. 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The Cold War And The Soviet Union - 1338 Words

Containing Communism After the end of World War II, there had been an emergence of two world superpowers the United States and the Soviet Union who would be drawn into a Cold War that was a silent battle that raged on from 1945 to 1991. Which had started when the Soviet Union’s leader, Joseph Stalin, had started the spread of communism throughout Europe and Asia. At the time the majority of the world was either democratic or independent while only a handful of countries were communist; however all were powerful countries such as the Soviet Union and China. Which meant communism can spread adamantly, and rampantly. It had first started in Eastern Europe such as in Greece, Turkey, and Poland. So to counteract these overtakes, the United Nations, especially the United States had responded vehemently against the rule, with the use of containment in the form of policies, treaties, and responsive actions. 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After World War 2, the Cold War influenced capitalist U.S. and communist Soviet Union to engage in disagreements causing many disputes having to use military, economic and humanitarian aid. With different goals, the contrasting powers prove through the Marshall Plan, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and SALT that communismRead MoreThe Cold War And Soviet Union840 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many theories and opinions of how the cold war started. Some believe that the cold war was the result of the belligerence of Joseph Stalin and the insecurity it caused in the United States and the West. Others believe the primary responsibility for the cold war derives from the hardline policies of the United States. 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Germany was divided in half and later, the Berlin Wall was constructed as a physical boundary between the Soviet controlled East Germany and NATO controlled West Germany. This standoff continued until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. The cold war had a huge influence on the world stage, but also had a majorRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1391 Words   |  6 Pageswake of World War II as the decades-long force of Germany’s reign came to its conclusion, an extensive repositioning of authority among the world’s top powers began. The war wielded devastating consequences for most countries involved and effectively diminished the dominance Britain and France once employed across the globe. Out of this devastation rose the two new dominating forces of the world who were triumphant in the aftermath of the war: the U nited States and the Soviet Union. The United StatesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a period in world history marked with increased tensions primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries desired to expand their ideologies across the globe, the U.S. urging capitalism and democratic elections and the Soviets promoting communism. After the allies had obtained victory in World War II, the Yalta Conference was held. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to expand his sphere of influence into Eastern Europe and demanded thatRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1343 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: As one of the most important events in 20th century, the Cold War had a very deep influence for the human-being civilization and it changed the world structure . The United States and the Soviet Union ,the two poles, became enemies from friends after the World War II. They adopt hostile attitude towards each other and criticized the the opponents’ social systems. To find out who provoked the Cold War, the US, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdoms ,Roosevelt, Truman ,Stalin, and ChurchillRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The Cold War1038 Words   |  5 PagesAfter a series of events during the time of World War II, tensions between the United States and the Communists such as the Soviet Union and China, developed into a military and political conflict such as the Cold War. During the Cold War, which went on for 50 years, the Soviet Union and the United States competed to expand their economical and political influence. Although, the United States military has increased in size and it’s strategy. The United States power today is highly supreme when it

Pacific War Essay Example For Students

Pacific War Essay Pacific WarWorld War II was fought across more landand involved more men than any other war in the history of human civilization. Never before or since has there been a war of such vast importance andof such a large scale. The United States had an absolutely crucialrole in the outcome of this war. The U.S. was faced with the colossalchallenge of waging two wars at the same time on two very different partsof the planet. The European front was, of course, the more obviousof the two considering the undeniable atrocities and evils that were beingcommitted by Adolf Hitler. Involvement on the European front wasinevitable and, generally more accessible for U.S. forces. Less thanthirty years before, the United States had fought in Europe, so we werefamiliar with the terrain and appropriate strategy. However, thePacific Campaign of World War II presented a unique challenge for UnitedStates Armed Forces. Never before had we fought in the South Pacificor even on terrain that resembled that of the Pacific islands. Withthe Army heavily involved in Europe, in December of 1941 the United Stateswere forced into a war that it w as not familiar with nor knew how to fight. Luckily, however, for the U.S., the Marine Corps were the perfect outfitfor the kind of fighting need in the Pacific Campaign. Because oftheir training in land to sea combat, the Marines were uniquely preparedfor the war that faced them, whereas, the Army could never have successfullywaged war in the Pacific. Without the Marine Corps fighting in thePacific, the whole war against Japan would not have succeeded. From 1939-1941, at the dawn of Adolf Hitlerswar machine in Europe, the United States seemed above the rest of the world. Separated by the vast Atlantic Ocean, the U.S. enjoyed an incredible amountof security. We were almost entirely untouchable from the flamesof war rapidly growing in Europe, and the majority of American citizenswere happy to not be involved. To them, the European conflict wastoo far away to have any direct or meaningful impact on their lives. Infact, public opinion did not think that it was even necessary to enterthe war at all. However, Roosevelt saw otherwise. He knew thata war in Europe could very well mean a war in the States. Only thirtyyears before, in World War I, the same kind situation had evolved intothe war to end all wars, where the United States had played a key role. So, Roosevelt desperately wanted and needed to change the minds of nearlythe nearly the entire American public; this task presented an almost impossiblechallenge. With war beginning to be fought in Europe,England was in dire need of any aid they could receive. At the beginning,this aid came in the form of supplies furnished by the United States. Ammunition, food, clothing, and weapons of all kinds were being shippedover to Europe and creating incredible wealth for the American government. Entering the war meant losing a very profitable trade with the desperateallies in Europe. Luckily for England and for Roosevelt, the UnitedStates were soon presented with an undeniable reason for entering the war. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombedPearl Harbor. This act of aggression towards America, provided fora perfect entrance into the war, and now the people of America were incitedenough to back a full-scale war against Hitler and Japan. However,one huge problem still existed, and that was the problem of a two frontwar. Many were frightened that the U.S. had taken on a task thatwas a bit too much for the nation to handle. The Army was the perfectforce for fighting the war in Europe. They were trained for the landcombat they would face, and had knowledge of the land from World War I. In addition, the Army was already on the move to Europe, so splitting theArmy into two different forces for Europe and the South Pacific was outof the question. The only option that the U.S. government had forwaging war against Japan was the Marine Corps. Marine units had beenstationed in the South Pacific in Australia and Samoa. They onlyneeded to be reinforced. Especially convenient for the United Stateswas the fact that the Marine Corps was perfectly suited for the kind ofwarfare that would be faced against Japan. Marines are trained specificallyfor land to sea and sea to land operations. In addition, their closerelationship with the Navy insured that the two fighting forces could worktogether and be successful. Both General Douglas MacArthur and AdmiralChester Williams Nimitz orchestrated the unique strategy used in fightingthe Japanese, known as Island Hopping. Both the ground troops andthe Navy were perfectly choreographed to strike at strategic Japanese strongholdsaround the Pacific. The goal was to destroy all Japanese dominanceand to move ever closer to the Japanese mainland. The beginning of the Pacific Campaignwas the Battle of Guadalcanal. At the beginning of the war with Japanhad an empire reaching frighteningly close the Australian coastline. The Japanese advance had to be brought to a halt if the American forceshoped to assert dominance in the Pacific. Coming off the recent winat the Battle of Midway, the American troops were filled with increasedvigor and enthusiasm about the war. The Battle of Guadalcanal orOperation Watchtower was hasty and ill prepared assault. Most, ifnot all, intelligence that the Marines had on the island were from outdatedGerman maps from World War I. Even its commanders would derisivelyrefer to it as Operation Shoestring (Costello 321). In fact, theonly reason the Marines were able to land so easily was because of a weakinitial defense on the part of the Japanese army. Nevertheless, onAugust 6, 1942 at midnight, the Pacific assault campaign began. Eleven transport ships accompanied bycruisers made their way towards Lunga Point at the north of the island. Because of a failure in Japanese intelligence, the enemy had no knowledgeof the creeping American Marines that were so close to their shore. At 6:13 in the morning, the first shots were fired on the island by a heavycruiser called Quincy (Costello). Not long after the shelling commenced,American aircraft carriers let loose bombers and fighters the further assaultthe Japanese held island. The enemy was caught completelyoff guard. The actual landing of the island was performed with incredibleease. More Marines were injured by sharp coral heads as they wadedup the dun-colored beach than by enemy bullets (Costello 323). Soon, however, Japanese cruisers arrivedon the scene and caught the U.S. Navy completely off guard destroying U.S.S. Chicago and the Australian H.M.A.S. Canberra. Luckily, for the recentlylanded Marine Corps, Japanese Admiral Mikawa withdrew and did not attackthe island itself. However, the Marines ashore were now with reinforcementsor provisions. So, the Marines quickly finished the captured airstripunder constant bombings by the Japanese Air Force. Now, reinforcementswere brought in, and the Marines were strengthened. The followingengagements were primarily offensive on the part of the Marines. They had to clear the entire island of Japanese soldiers. On August19, 1942, the Marines engaged the enemy in an awful, bloody battle. The Japanese had attempted to sneak up on the Marines under the cover ofnight, only to be heard and gunned down. However, the ferocious fightingstyle of the Japanese proved resilient to Marine machine guns. TheJapanese continued to move forward. However, the effort was in vain. To his Coy Mistress Essay ThesisEmperor Tojo had convinced them through anti-U.S. propaganda that the Americanswere evil and that they should avoid all contact with the enemy troops. Despite the sad ending, the battles for Saipan-Tinian proved without adoubt that the Pacific War belonged to the Marines and the Army shouldstay at the European front. The next big battle for the Marines wasperhaps their most famous, Iwo Jima. The reasons for the battle forIwo Jima were once again because of the necessity of the Army Air Corps. While Saipan-Tinian had provided the U.S. with key airfields close to Japan,the Air Corps wanted to be even closer to Japan in order to cut down oncasualties and expense. Iwo Jima was very attractively seated halfwaybetween Saipan-Tinian and the Japanese mainland. The Army Air Corpscould launch daily B-29 raids from new airstrips on Iwo. The battle itself was expected to be huge. Admiral Kelly Turner and General Holland Smith both thought that it wouldbe the largest battle yet and would have an estimated 20,000 casualties. The brunt of the work was given to the 4th and 5th Divisions under MajorClifton B. Cates and Major Kelly E. Rockey. The 3rd Division wasto wait in reserve. The primary goal of the battle was to captureMount Suribachi, the most heavily fortified part of the island. ByFebruary of 1945, nearly a quarter of a million U.S. troops were set forinvasion. The Navy bombarded the island fiercely. General Smith had wanted ten days of shelling prior to landing in orderto break up all Japanese defenses; the operation was that huge. Whenthe first wave of Marines landed, Japanese troops seemed unfazed by theshelling and rained fire down upon the 9,000 Marines advancing on theirbeaches. The 28th Regiment made their way through 1,000 yards ofdefense and to the base of Mount Suribachi, the 27th was stuck by enemyfirepower, and the men of the 5th Division were struggling on the beacheson 15-foot sand ridges, which made it like trying to fight in a bin ofloose wheat' (Costello 544). By nighttime, thirty thousand Marines wereashore on Iwo Jima and 2,000 had been killed. The next day the Marinesbegan their push towards the two airstrips on the island. U.S. troopswere only moving 400 yards a day on Mount Suribachi (Costello). ByFebruary 23, however, Marines were at the base of the volcanic peak. On the 24th, Marines planted an American flag on a crater of the volcano;it was the first sign of victory. Away from Mount Suribachi, Marineswere slowly wearing down the Japanese defenses by never resting. They fought their enemys war by pushing relentlessly and with extremeforce. After a week or so, the Japanese line was no longer a line,but scattered groups of resistance. After nearly six weeks of fightingonly 216 Japanese were taken captive of the 20,000 originally on the island. Nearly 25,000 Marines were wounded and 6,000 were dead (Costello). The invasion was a success and the B-29s began their bombings of the Japanesemainland thanks to the Marine Corps. Okinawa was the last big battle of theMarine Corps in the Pacific War. This battle was to be the last drawfor Japan. Okinawa was frighteningly close to Japan and was veryheavily fortified. If captured, Japanese power and control wouldbe destroyed. The Fifth Fleet of the Navy provided themain support of the 1,200 ships used in the invasion. The 3rd MarineCorps under Major General Roy S. Geiger would do the fighting. TheU.S. expected that a force of 154,000 would be enough to defeat the Japanesedefense of 70,000. On March 26, 1945 the invasion began ona scale similar to that of D-Days in Europe. The 77th Infantry Divisionmoved ashore and secured a place to set up long-range guns and a headquartersfor the entire operation. On April 1, 1,300 American transports andships moved around the island. The Marines landed with surprisingease as the Japanese were luring them inland to move them away from theirNaval support. They continued moving inland with little opposition,however, after a week, U.S. forces began to encounter heavy defense. The Japanese held the Marines and fought viciously while Kamikazes raineddown upon the Navy. However, a greater blow was about to occur. On April 13, the troops received word the Roosevelt was dead. TheJapanese took full advantage of this and launched an awful propaganda waron the Americans. Pamphlets fell from Japanese planes reading, Thedreadful loss that led your late leader to death will make orphans on thisisland. The Japanese Special Assault Corps will sink your vesselsto the last destroyer. You will witness it realized in the near future'(Costello 560). The Japanese commander, Ushijima then launched amassive assault to back up his threat that resulted in nearly 5,000 Japanesecasualties and a stalemate. Kamikaze pilots continued to decimatethe U.S. Navy and they were growing weary of waiting for victory. The U.S. situation grew even dimmer as time passed. The 27th Infantry had to be replaced bythe 1st Marine Division. All was in disarray. But, then Marinesbegan to slowly crack through the Japanese defenses. Soon, the Japanesewere in desperation as the Marines began to win. The victory on Okinawaleft Japan devastated. Their armed forces were crippled and the countrysmorale was vastly deflated. Although the battle of Okinawa was wona great cost to the Americans, the Marines were victorious because theywere able to fight to the end and put the Japanese opposition down. Through their persistence and tenacity, the U.S. Marine Corps were ableto achieve victory against all odds and win the Pacific War where no oneelse could have. General Eisenhower once said that he doubtedMarines were better fighters than his own army Rangers. In a sensehe was probably right; if you tell picked men they are crack troops, theyare likely to fight like an elite. They difference is that IkesRangers were small bands of commandos, while the Marine Corps, a corpsdelite, fielded six divisions in the Pacificthree corps, a whole army(Manchester 298). The United States Marine Corps gave an entire fightingforce of the most elite troops to the Pacific Campaign. They foughtsome of the most ugly and most horrific battles in all of World War II. Their training in land to sea combat gave them an edge over the U.S. Armysland-only combat training. In sending the Marine Corps into the PacificCampaign, the United States proved its military dominance and resourcefulnessand shocked the enemy by showing that we could actually fight a two frontwar and win. Without the determination, strength, and aggressivenessof the Marine Corps in World War II, the Pacific Island Hopping Campaignvery well could have been lost to the Japanese. There was no otheroutfit in all the worlds armies more capable of fighting in the Pacificthan the Marines.

Merchant Of Venice Shylock The Antagonist Essays - Orientalism

Merchant Of Venice: Shylock the Antagonist? In The Merchant of Venice, by William Shakespeare, there appears Shylock. He is a Jew, that much we are told in the cast list. But, as the play unfolds Shylock is seen to be the villian. He is protrayed as being cold, unbending, and evil. But is he? Is Shylock really the antagonist in this play or can he also be viewed as persecuted individual who resorts to revenge only after he has been pushed too far. To fully understand the character of Shylock we must first look at Elizabeathen attitudes towards Jews. In the sixteenth century Jews were rarely if ever seen in England. In the Middle Ages Jews had fled to England to escape persecution in France under the Normans. They were granted charter in England by Henry I in return for a percentage of their profits from trade and moneylending. It is here that the stereotype of Jews lending money was started. Because of the tariffs placed on them by the crown Jews took to charging high interest rates to secure profits for themselves. Here we see echos of Shylock with his usury. Finally the Jews were ordered out of England in 1254 by Edward I. They did not return to England until the later half of the seventeenth century. (Lippman 3-4) Jews were also viewed as devils by Elizabeathan audiences. Old stories portrayed them as "blood- thirsty murders" that poisoned wells and killed Christian children for their bizarre Passover ritu! als. (Stirling 2:1) These were the stereotypes which Shakespeare's audience held in regard to Jews. Shakespeare himself had never seen a Jew but he goes to great lengths to humanize Shylock even while perpetuating the stereotype. In Act 1:3, before Shylock ever says a word to Antonio, he lets the audience know in an aside that he hates Antonio. He hates him for having hindered him in business and for having humiliated him in public by spitting on him and calling him names such as "dog" and "cutthroat Jew". Shylock tells the audience he hopes to exact revenge on Antonio both for his own humiliation and for the persecution that the Jews have long suffered at the hands of the Christians. I hate him for he is a Christian;. . . If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him.He hates our sacred nation . . . Curs?d be my tribe if I forgive him (I,iii,40-49) Shylock then tells Antonio that he wants to be friends with him and will conclude the bond for a pound of flesh as a "merry sport." In the second act, however, he still seems to bear a deep grudge against the Christians, for he tells Jessica that he is going in hate and not in friendship to dine with them. "But yet I'll go in hate to feed upon the prodigal Christian. . . .I am right loath to go." (II,v,14-16) After Jessica's elopment, Shylock suspects Bassanio and Antonio of abetting her escape, and this suspicion increases Shylock's animosity toward Antonio. We learn later in the play that Antonio has personally rescued a number of debtors from Shylock's bonds when Antonio says "I oft delievered from his forfeitures; Many that have made moan to me." (III,iii,23-24) We also discover that Shylock cannot or will not explain his reasons for demanding Antonio's flesh. "But say it is my humor," is all the reason he is able to show. The sum of Shylock's motives for hatred is gi! ven in the rarely quoted lines b efore the famous "Hath not a Jew eyes": "He hath disgraced me, and hind'red me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies_and what's his reason? I am a Jew." (III,i,49-54) (Lippman 2) Shylock himself is an alien in a society geared towards Christians. His clothes, customs and race make him an object of scorn in Venetian society. We as a modern audience are bound to feel some sympathy for him. When Jessica runs away from home we realized that Shylock's most trusted prop has failed him, he placed absolute confidence in his daughter with his house and wealth. The fact that he cries out for his ducats as well as his daughter should not obscure the sense of keen personal loss he feels. " I say my daughter is my own flesh and blood." (III,i,34) We also see this when Tubal tells Shylock that Jessica has traded one of his rings for a monkey. Shylock's lamentation for his

A Writers Best Friend

A Writers Best Friend A Writer’s Best Friend A Writer’s Best Friend By Mark Nichol I was bemused recently to read in the acknowledgments section of a book the author’s expression of gratitude toward someone who had read the manuscript before publication. The writer thanked the other person for â€Å"doing great proofreading,† but he followed that comment with â€Å"Not copy editing [sic]; we were both cautious about that, as our strongly held opinions don’t often match.† My first impression was that the book’s author has or had at the time a fundamental misunderstanding of copyediting (since the book was published, the closed-compound version of that term has come to prevail), as he implied that such a process would interfere with his expression of his views. (The person who assisted him is an expert in the book’s subject matter.) That’s absurd, because no editing role certainly not copyediting involves revisions of writers’ expressions of their beliefs or judgments. A developmental editor for a book publisher, or an assigning editor of a periodical, might discuss this issue with a writer but generally does not impose on the author’s convictions; presumably, the opportunity for the author to express these ideas is the reason the content is being published in the first place. But then I considered that perhaps, by â€Å"strongly held opinions,† the writer meant his notions of what constitutes good writing. Perhaps he was referring to the fact that his ideas about how to construct prose conflicts with those of the person who reviewed the manuscript for him. This possibility led me to reflect on my long-held opinion, acquired through decades of painful experience, that there’s a strong correlation between good writers and good grace when it comes to responding to grammatical and syntactical revisions, concomitant with the disturbing degree to which many poor writers protest such improvements. For in this case, the book suffered greatly not only from the fact it, at least before it was submitted to the publisher, was proofread but not copyedited. It also was compromised by the apparent lack of copyediting (or any editing) during the production phase of publication. The writing is verbose, repetitive, poorly organized, and clumsy (barely) competent, but dull and tiring to read, and in dire need of attention from both a developmental editor and a copy editor. This mediocrity was all the more disappointing because of the anticipation with which I had approached the book, which covers a topic of great interest to me. I was especially puzzled about the writing quality because the book dates to the early 1980s, the last period in which a reader could count on well-edited books before, for many but fortunately not all publishing companies, the bottom line became more important than the line edit. Ultimately, though, that this book is an exception to the rule is not the writer’s fault; the publisher let him and me and other readers of this book down. But writers aren’t helpless in the face of this trend; if they lack a partner or other close associate qualified and willing to review a manuscript (or even if such an ally is put to work), they can resort to pre-editing. That’s the now-widespread practice of preempting a publishing company’s possible neglect or short-changing of the editing process, and/or improving the chance of the manuscript’s acceptance, by hiring a freelance developmental editor and/or a freelance copy editor to polish it before submitting it to publishers. It’s unfortunate that the assembly-line model that now prevails in the publishing industry necessitates this step for one or both reasons stated, but though it requires a financial investment by the writer, it’s a wise strategy that enhances the likelihood both that the manuscript will be published and that the book will succeed. Another wise strategy is to have a little humility about one’s writing ability and the value of one or more objective second opinions. I’m a good writer, though not a great one, but even if I did claim (and perhaps actually have) more talent, I would, as I do in reality, welcome both substantial and mechanical revisions that make me look even better. For me and many good and great writers it’s a no-brainer, but that indirect reference to my earlier comment about the correlation of writing talent to amenability to editing reminds me of another observation: Common sense isn’t as common as it should be. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.3 Types of Headings8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Nervous system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nervous system - Research Paper Example Facial nerve paralysis is in turn more common with Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesion than Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesion. Forehead muscles can be tests by asking the patient to raise her eyebrows in order to determine if UMN or LMN disease is the real cause behind face drop. If the furrows of the forehead are asymmetrical, it is a LMN disease like Bell’s palsy. If otherwise, it is UMN disease like pseudobulbar palsy. The patient in the case study is most probably suffering from Bell’s palsy because that is more often the cause of â€Å"muscle weakness on one side of the face† (El-Bab, 2011, p. 2134). Assigning this patient to a novice or proficient nurse depends on physical condition of the patient. If there are no extreme symptoms like blindness, seizures, or severe headache, if facial drooping started suddenly, and if there is no wrinkling on forehead, the patient has no stroke and is suffering from Bell’s palsy. In that case, treatment with steroids should immediately begin which can be handled by a novice nurse as well. El-Bab, M.F., Makhdoom, N., Al-Harbi, K.M., Baghdadi, H.H., & Alam, A. (2011). Facial Nerve Palsy Incidence, Clinical Feature, and Prognosis in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 1(11),

Business article (Auto Bailouts) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business article (Auto Bailouts) - Essay Example However, expending some financial assistance using the money coming from the taxpayers does not directly address the main factors why most of these large-scale businesses fail to cope with the challenges that usually arise during economic decline and slow growth. This is the main reason why most of the Americans oppose the idea of auto bailout. Based on a national poll survey, â€Å"six out of 10 Americans oppose using taxpayer money to help the ailing of major U.S. auto companies. (Steinhauser)† Upon analyzing the historical effects of auto bailout in the U.S. auto industry, it is clear that shredding out billions of dollars from the U.S. taxpayers will not solve the declining U.S. economy. Aside from the fact that extending a large portion of collected tax would be unfair to most Americans who will not receive any direct benefits from the auto bailouts (Steinhauser), extending large sum of government funds on U.S.-based automobile companies would only provide the people with temporary solution. Without focusing on the importance of implementing organizational re-engineering and restructuring, there is no way for the automobile companies to survive the financial crisis even if the government provides them with financial assistance. Extending auto bailout to car makers is not a good option since providing them with excessive amount of financial assistance would only impede further improvements in their management and business practices of the local companies. Instead, one of the best solutions that will enable the major automobile companies to survive the global financial crisis is to shoulder the short-term negative consequences of having limited financial resources in order to restore the companies’ long-term viability (Mitchell). Aside from negatively affecting the business practices and management behind the large-scale automobile companies, allowing the U.S. government to grant auto

The Homo Erectus vs Modern Man Essay Example for Free

The Homo Erectus vs Modern Man Essay The 2002 discovery of a1. 77 million year old bones of an old man in Dmanisi, Georgia unveiled fertile grounds for a plethora of information about the Homo erectus. Dmanisi, a village characterized by its medieval ruins, is not far from Tbilisi, Georgia’s capital. Dmanisi has been the focus of archaeologists’ explorations since the early 1990s. Findings up to 2002 were typically comprised of early human fossils. The latest evacuations of 5 Homo erectus vertebrae in 2005 was even more infinitive providing anthropologists with a unique opportunity to make instructive comparisons to modern human beings. Anthropologist Marc Meyer from the University of Philadelphia together with David Lordkipandize and Abesalom Vekua from the Georgian State Museum in Tbilisi said that the vertebrae were compared to those of modern man, chimpanzees and gorillas. It is possible that the ancient Homo erectus spoke to one another. The Homo erectus’ remains unearthed at Dmanisi in 2005 and compared to modern man, chimpanzees and gorillas reveal that the ancient remains were capable of supporting respiratory organs that are necessary for oral speech. Although Meyer notes that it is not possible to prove that prehistoric man spoke, the Homo erectus remains evacuated at Dmanisi did not exhibit respiratory constraints relative to speech. The vertebrae of the Homo erectus, although significantly smaller than that of modern man is vastly similar. The similarities in vertebrae structures are indicative of similar human physical traits in terms of posture, mobility and quite possibly communication. This might explain why there is a large debate over the characterization of a 1. 6 million year old skeleton unearthed in Kenya in 1984. The skeletal remains were small and similar to that of a chimpanzee leaving some scientists to conclude that it was the remains of Homo ergaster rather than a Homo erectus. The fact is, scientists are more inclined to conclude that the Homo erectus was possessed of a speech-friendly physique. Previously, all other Homo genus forms were devoid of the vertebrae supportive of speech and had limited speech range. References Beers, K. ; Odell, L. ; Arpin, G. ; Brinnin, J. and Hermacki, T. (2003) Holt Literature and Language Arts. Holt, Rinehart and Winston Bower, B. and Lobdell, J. (2004) History Alive! Teachers’ Curriculum Institute. National Geographic (April 2005) â€Å"Human Erectus Discovery†. http://ngm. nationalgeographic. com/ngm/0504/feature2/gallery4. html (Retrieved July 7, 2010). The Dmanisi Site (n. d. ). http://www. donsmaps. com/dmanisi. html (Retrieved July 7, 2010).

Do Not Go Gentle IntoThat Good Night by Dylan Thomas Essay -- Not Go G

Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night by Dylan Thomas Many people get to the end of their lives and only then do they realize what they have missed. They realize that there is something that they just did not do in life and they try to do that thing before life's end. The poem, 'Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night' by Dylan Thomas, is based around five people. There is a wise man, a good man, a wild man, a grave man, and a father. For some reason, others more obvious than the ones before them, they have reached life's end. They are about to pass on into the next life; however, before they can pass on they each have some issue or loss in life that they must fix. The first example in poem is the wise man. Wisdom is often associated with age and maturity. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the word wisdom means "the accumulated philosophic or scientific learning, the ability to discern inner qualities and relationships". It also means "good sense, generally accepted belief, a wise attitude or course of action and the teachings of the ancient wise men". If that is true then what does one so keen, so aware of how living things must cease to live, have to fix? Dylan Thomas appears to be telling us that wise men fear that they have not given their wisdom to others appropriately. It seems that wise men worry that all the wisdom they have accumulated over the many years of their existence was of no matter. Thomas has an eloquent way of phrasing things, ?Though wise men at their end know dark is right Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night? (Thomas ll. 1-6). To reiterate my point Thomas used the term of forked lightning this represents the wise men's words. Lightn... ... is even near being fought. No one enjoys the fact that soon there comes a life?s end, but it does. The problem is that people often try to find what they have not done in life instead of what they have. The past is a play, whether or not you as a character in the great play have a big part or little one it does not matter. What matters is that you appreciate what you did in life and what you have gained from being alive. Works Cited Kubler-Ross, Elizabeth. Living With Death and Dying. New York: MacMillan, 1981. Lucas, George. Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. Hollywood: 20th Century Fox, 1999. Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. London and Glasgow: Collins. 876. Thomas, Dylan. ?Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night.? Literature and Ourselves. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, 1997; 553.

Capstone Case Study †Arthur Andersen LLP Essay

1. Discuss the environmental, strategic and organizational changes that occurred over the life of Andersen in the context of figure 11.1. While Andersen started off as a stable environment, once changes started being made to the main focus of the company many changes were expedited. While still successful in it’s auditing business, other opportunities arose that allowed for quicker and more dynamic revenue growth. This strategic shift from auditing only to offering a number of other services (automated bookkeeping, information technologies, consulting, corporate staffing) eventually led to a rift within the company, the separation of operations into two companies under one umbrella, and the eventually severance of those two companies into two wholly separate corporate entities. Once the two companies (Andersen Consulting and Arthur Anderson) split, Arthur Andersen, which was originally the auditing only arm, but had dipped back into the consulting business even though it should not have per it’s agreement with AC, went full force into offering the full range of services. In the quest for the biggest sale and to drive non-audit revenue, managers were compensated based on sales targets instead of performance or quality of work. This lack of quality control and change in the focus of the business was the beginning of the downward projection of AA. The fact that there were changes in all three areas, environmental, strategic and organizational, made it difficult for there to be tight control at AA and almost made it acceptable to make questionable decisions as long as the clients got what they wanted and revenues continued to come in. 2. Evaluate Andersen’s claim that their problems on the Enron audit were due to a few â€Å"bad partners† in the organization. If you agree with this claim, discuss what you think were the root causes of the problem. It was AA’s decision to hire 40 auditors from Enron, then augmented by 150 of  their own staff, and place them within Enron as it’s in house accounting staff. Since the staff was on site at Enron, attended Enron meetings, and made decisions in the best interest of Enron and not with the idea of doing quality work, it is hard to put stock in AA’s claim that it was only a few â€Å"bad partners†. Also, AA made the decision to break up it’s own Professional Standards Group and re-locate members of that group to local offices. Once that happen though, their power was usurped and held no water. If they questioned decisions, they were removed. It is up to the company to make decisions that not only help generate business, but protect the company and it’s employees from any questionable situations or circumstances where unethical scenarios might play out. 3. Suppose you were Andersen’s managing partner in the early 1990’s. Would you have done anything differently than the actual management (assuming you knew only what they did at the time)? There are a couple of things that I could have done had I been the managing partner for Andersen in the 1990’s. I think the separation of the consulting business and the accounting business into two companies was actually a good move. The fact that AA eventually started to offer and go after non-auditing services business with clients was where a mistake was made in my opinion. If I were a partner at AA I would have strictly enforced the agreement that we would be sticking with auditing business only. While offering a lower margin than the consulting business, it was a solid foundation and allowed more oversight, tight controls and decreased the likelihood that questionable decisions would be made. I also would have kept the Professional Standards Group in tact to oversee and review all aspects of the operation. Splitting up the group and assigning individual members to local offices basically neutered their power and allowed for those looking to manipulate the system to do so. 4. Discuss the relation between what happened at Andersen and multitask principal agent theory. With the Multi-Task Agent Theory, certain tasks are rewarded and other tasks  are not, and because of this the non-rewarded tasks suffer from neglect of a decrease in quality. The first time this was an issue is was before the split into two companies, where those driving the consulting and IT business were unhappy with the fact that the auditing side had so much power over the company even though it was not the segment driving the revenue. After the eventual split into AC and AA under one umbrella, and then the total split into two separate corporations, with Andersen bringing in business other than auditing was rewarded more than auditing business, to the point that it was expect that managing partners brought in twice as much consulting and other business as it did auditing business, otherwise face penalties or even termination. In all three stages of the company’s history the inequality between the consulting business and the auditing business led to there being a de-emphasis on the auditing segment of the business (both in quality and as a driver of revenue). 5. Discuss the relation between the â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† elements of a firm’s corporate culture in the context of this case. In the case of Andersen, it almost seems as if the changes in the â€Å"soft† elements of corporate culture were either directly related to or a side effect of change in the â€Å"hard† aspects of the corporate culture. As stated in the case study, during the majority of the company’s existence, â€Å"tradition was everywhere†. From â€Å"soft† elements like the physical design of offices and the way partners dressed and looked to hard elements like the quality control exerted over all aspects of the business, there were standard all across the board. As changes started to happen in the â€Å"hard† culture, like the focus being on driving revenue as opposed to putting out quality work, changes were also seen in the soft aspects of the culture. Managing partners did not dress as sharp, the giants wooden doors of the offices (that seemed to be a metaphor for the strong, sturdy operation of the company) were removed, and a new corporate logo was introduced. 6. Do you think that the problems at Andersen were unique to them or did they exist at the other big accounting firms? Suppose you were the top partner at one of the other major accounting firms at that time of Andersen’s demise. What action, if any, would you take in response? Explain. As shown when Andersen themselves called into question the practices of one of it’s competitors (calling for an investigation), these issues at Andersen are not unique to their company (though it may not happen on as grand of a scale). If I was the top partner at one of the other major accounting firms at the time of Andersen’s demise, I would have immediately either called for an internal investigation of my firm’s practices or volunteered to have my company’s practices reviewed by the SEC or another appropriate authority. I would be open with what was found, make any necessary changes to organizational structure or practices, and move forward. I think this would be important because at the time of Andersen’s demise, it is likely the credibility of ALL accounting firms was hurt, and I would want there is to be proof that our company was doing things the right way. 7. In 2000, the SEC proposed new regulations that would limit consulting work by accounting firms. This proposal was not passed by congress. Do you think the legislators were trying to act in the public interest when they failed to pass this proposal? Explain. Legislators were not acting in the public’s best interests; they were bowing to pressure from the auditing industry lobbyists. Steve Samek, who spearheaded operations that already lead lawsuits, payouts, bankruptcies and fines, led the charge to oppose the proposal. At that point it should have been obvious that the right call was passing the proposal. The fact that different legislation related to the oversight of accounting firms was eventually passed later on in 2002 (the SOA) shows that oversight was necessary, but just needed a spectacular failure like Andersen/Enron to allow legislators to feel comfortable in taking a stand. 8. The American Institute of CPAs is the primary professional association for CPAs. It has developed a Code of Professional Conduct that sets the  standards of conduct for CPAs. People can file complaints about the ethical conduct of a CPA with the AICPA, which can levy sanctions and other penalties against its members. Do you think that the unethical conduct at Andersen (and possibly other accounting firms) was the fault of the AICPA for not setting and enforcing higher ethical standard among its members? Explain. While I think the AICPA has a place in setting standards and ethics in the industry, and has the right to levy sanctions and penalties against it’s members (based on complaints that are filed), they are not a regulatory agency and their reach only extends so far. In reality, being a member organization, if a corporation does not want to deal with or answer to the AICPA, they and choose not to be a member. It may hurt their reputation, but in the long run the work they do and the clients they have will have a much greater effect of their business than whether or not they are a member of the AICPA. While it is nice to have organizations like the AICPA and the SEC overlooking the practices of corporations in the industry, it is hard to transfer fault for the unethical behavior of a company away from the company that behaved that was to some member organization or regulatory agency. It is the organization or agency’s place to set guidelines and respond when corporations do not follow them. 9. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 established a new five-person board to oversee financial accounting in publicly traded corporations. The board is appointed by the SEC. Prior to the creation of this board the industry relied primarily on self-regulation through the AICPA. Do you think the establishment of the new oversight board was a good idea or should he profession have continued to be self-regulated? I think in practice, a combination of both works. The industry need to show that it is interested itself in keeping it’s practices on the level and being transparent. But at the end of the day, you will always find someone who likes to work outside the system. In these cases having the SEC oversight board is a critical tool to keep companies in line that may think they can work the system. Also, having SEC oversight can result in much  stiffer penalties for the organization, so it carries and extra layer of deterrent for companies who may think about making questionable decisions. Andersen themselves, in the form of managing partner Leonard Spacek, saw the power of SEC intervention early on (1947).

Customer Feedback Is An Art Of Discernment Essay - 884 Words

Customer Success Management: 3 keys to the leadership skill Evaluating customer feedback is an art of discernment. It takes mining, benchmarking, segmentation, differentiation, and more. How to effectively evaluate customer feedback is a running challenge for businesses of all sizes. The ability runs through the three keys to the leadership skill in customer success management. CRM alone is not the solution. In â€Å"Learning from Customer Defections,† loyalty marketing expert Frederick Reichheld wrote, â€Å"It is uncomfortable to study failure too closely.† He puts it even more specifically in â€Å"The Loyalty Effect: the cost of investor disloyalty† where he asserts: â€Å"The foundation of customer loyalty - that great engine of long-term profit and cash flow – is customer value and the long-term investment that creates it.† But, Reichheld and others believe trusting this value to Customer Retention Management systems is misplaced: †¢ 55% of Customer Retention Management (CRM) programs reduce earning by irritating and driving customers away. †¢ User-satisfaction with CRM systems ranked in the bottom three of 25 management tools. †¢ One in five executive end users surveyed felt the programs disengaged customers and customer serving employees. Finally, Frederick Reichheld’s research indicates the reliance on automated CRM programs is based on â€Å"A single flawed assumption: that CRM is software that manages customer relationships for you. It isn’t. Managing customer relationships is bundlingShow MoreRelatedAn Understanding Of Professional By Creating A Guide For Practitioners1436 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship with parents. One of the primary focuses of the literature is the importance of good communication, as it is a vital foundation in the development of a progressive relationship. The text mentions that communication is an ‘expression of art’, it should be given from the heart, generous to parents (Hughes and Read, 2012: 14). The study mentions confident practitioners being able to communicate with parents, will build trust between the two allowing parents to experience secure and confidentRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 PagesOfficer Kapl an Asia Pacific Contents Introduction Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Topic 5 Topic 6 Topic 7 Topic 8 Topic 9 Introduction to marketing Introduction to sales The financial services customer Marketing and sales strategy Acquiring customers Making the most of channels Managing customer relationships Legal compliance and ethics in marketing and sales The bottom line — measuring the effectiveness of marketing and sales Introduction Subject aims In a competitive, demand-driven financialRead MoreEffect of Motivation on Employees9326 Words   |  38 Pagesthis goal will succeed. Motivation is fundamental to human behaviour (Cesare and Sandri, 2003). Staff motivation is the basis for organizational survival; in fact it argued that employees are the greatest asset of a company, and that satisfied customers must satisfy employee requirements (Nebeker, Busso, Werefels, Diallo, Czekajewski and Ferman, 2001). Non-profit organizations might only have to spend resources to carefully select intrinsically motivated employees, but also find ways to continuouslyRead MorePlenary Session69346 Words   |  278 Pagesothers – they are not. Perhaps it just has to sit with them too. Let the situation resolve itself and never stop believing that love is the true answer. 10. When in Doubt, Ask Questions! Don t assume that the lack of feedback is the same thing as negative feedback. If you need feedback and don t have any, ask for it. This content comes from: http://www.thepersonalitypage.com/, and much of it was written by Robert Heyward. Portrait of an ENTJ - Extraverted iNtuitive Thinking Judging (ExtravertedRead MoreGame Theory and Economic Analyst83847 Words   |  336 Pagesanother reviewer for a sense of what Von Neumann and Morgenstern had achieved and proposed. The background Strategic games have long prehistory. The notion of war as a zero-sum (or constant-sum) game between two players goes back at least to The Art of War written by Sun Tzu in the third century ï  ¢Ã¯  £Ã¯  ¥ or earlier (Sunzi bingfa; see Cleary 1988, which also translates eleven classical Chinese commentaries on the work). Emerson Niou and Peter Ordeshcok (1990) credit Sun Tzu with anticipations of