Do Not Go Gentle IntoThat Good Night by Dylan Thomas Essay -- Not Go G

Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night by Dylan Thomas Many people get to the end of their lives and only then do they realize what they have missed. They realize that there is something that they just did not do in life and they try to do that thing before life's end. The poem, 'Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night' by Dylan Thomas, is based around five people. There is a wise man, a good man, a wild man, a grave man, and a father. For some reason, others more obvious than the ones before them, they have reached life's end. They are about to pass on into the next life; however, before they can pass on they each have some issue or loss in life that they must fix. The first example in poem is the wise man. Wisdom is often associated with age and maturity. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the word wisdom means "the accumulated philosophic or scientific learning, the ability to discern inner qualities and relationships". It also means "good sense, generally accepted belief, a wise attitude or course of action and the teachings of the ancient wise men". If that is true then what does one so keen, so aware of how living things must cease to live, have to fix? Dylan Thomas appears to be telling us that wise men fear that they have not given their wisdom to others appropriately. It seems that wise men worry that all the wisdom they have accumulated over the many years of their existence was of no matter. Thomas has an eloquent way of phrasing things, ?Though wise men at their end know dark is right Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night? (Thomas ll. 1-6). To reiterate my point Thomas used the term of forked lightning this represents the wise men's words. Lightn... ... is even near being fought. No one enjoys the fact that soon there comes a life?s end, but it does. The problem is that people often try to find what they have not done in life instead of what they have. The past is a play, whether or not you as a character in the great play have a big part or little one it does not matter. What matters is that you appreciate what you did in life and what you have gained from being alive. Works Cited Kubler-Ross, Elizabeth. Living With Death and Dying. New York: MacMillan, 1981. Lucas, George. Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. Hollywood: 20th Century Fox, 1999. Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. London and Glasgow: Collins. 876. Thomas, Dylan. ?Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night.? Literature and Ourselves. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, 1997; 553.

Capstone Case Study †Arthur Andersen LLP Essay

1. Discuss the environmental, strategic and organizational changes that occurred over the life of Andersen in the context of figure 11.1. While Andersen started off as a stable environment, once changes started being made to the main focus of the company many changes were expedited. While still successful in it’s auditing business, other opportunities arose that allowed for quicker and more dynamic revenue growth. This strategic shift from auditing only to offering a number of other services (automated bookkeeping, information technologies, consulting, corporate staffing) eventually led to a rift within the company, the separation of operations into two companies under one umbrella, and the eventually severance of those two companies into two wholly separate corporate entities. Once the two companies (Andersen Consulting and Arthur Anderson) split, Arthur Andersen, which was originally the auditing only arm, but had dipped back into the consulting business even though it should not have per it’s agreement with AC, went full force into offering the full range of services. In the quest for the biggest sale and to drive non-audit revenue, managers were compensated based on sales targets instead of performance or quality of work. This lack of quality control and change in the focus of the business was the beginning of the downward projection of AA. The fact that there were changes in all three areas, environmental, strategic and organizational, made it difficult for there to be tight control at AA and almost made it acceptable to make questionable decisions as long as the clients got what they wanted and revenues continued to come in. 2. Evaluate Andersen’s claim that their problems on the Enron audit were due to a few â€Å"bad partners† in the organization. If you agree with this claim, discuss what you think were the root causes of the problem. It was AA’s decision to hire 40 auditors from Enron, then augmented by 150 of  their own staff, and place them within Enron as it’s in house accounting staff. Since the staff was on site at Enron, attended Enron meetings, and made decisions in the best interest of Enron and not with the idea of doing quality work, it is hard to put stock in AA’s claim that it was only a few â€Å"bad partners†. Also, AA made the decision to break up it’s own Professional Standards Group and re-locate members of that group to local offices. Once that happen though, their power was usurped and held no water. If they questioned decisions, they were removed. It is up to the company to make decisions that not only help generate business, but protect the company and it’s employees from any questionable situations or circumstances where unethical scenarios might play out. 3. Suppose you were Andersen’s managing partner in the early 1990’s. Would you have done anything differently than the actual management (assuming you knew only what they did at the time)? There are a couple of things that I could have done had I been the managing partner for Andersen in the 1990’s. I think the separation of the consulting business and the accounting business into two companies was actually a good move. The fact that AA eventually started to offer and go after non-auditing services business with clients was where a mistake was made in my opinion. If I were a partner at AA I would have strictly enforced the agreement that we would be sticking with auditing business only. While offering a lower margin than the consulting business, it was a solid foundation and allowed more oversight, tight controls and decreased the likelihood that questionable decisions would be made. I also would have kept the Professional Standards Group in tact to oversee and review all aspects of the operation. Splitting up the group and assigning individual members to local offices basically neutered their power and allowed for those looking to manipulate the system to do so. 4. Discuss the relation between what happened at Andersen and multitask principal agent theory. With the Multi-Task Agent Theory, certain tasks are rewarded and other tasks  are not, and because of this the non-rewarded tasks suffer from neglect of a decrease in quality. The first time this was an issue is was before the split into two companies, where those driving the consulting and IT business were unhappy with the fact that the auditing side had so much power over the company even though it was not the segment driving the revenue. After the eventual split into AC and AA under one umbrella, and then the total split into two separate corporations, with Andersen bringing in business other than auditing was rewarded more than auditing business, to the point that it was expect that managing partners brought in twice as much consulting and other business as it did auditing business, otherwise face penalties or even termination. In all three stages of the company’s history the inequality between the consulting business and the auditing business led to there being a de-emphasis on the auditing segment of the business (both in quality and as a driver of revenue). 5. Discuss the relation between the â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† elements of a firm’s corporate culture in the context of this case. In the case of Andersen, it almost seems as if the changes in the â€Å"soft† elements of corporate culture were either directly related to or a side effect of change in the â€Å"hard† aspects of the corporate culture. As stated in the case study, during the majority of the company’s existence, â€Å"tradition was everywhere†. From â€Å"soft† elements like the physical design of offices and the way partners dressed and looked to hard elements like the quality control exerted over all aspects of the business, there were standard all across the board. As changes started to happen in the â€Å"hard† culture, like the focus being on driving revenue as opposed to putting out quality work, changes were also seen in the soft aspects of the culture. Managing partners did not dress as sharp, the giants wooden doors of the offices (that seemed to be a metaphor for the strong, sturdy operation of the company) were removed, and a new corporate logo was introduced. 6. Do you think that the problems at Andersen were unique to them or did they exist at the other big accounting firms? Suppose you were the top partner at one of the other major accounting firms at that time of Andersen’s demise. What action, if any, would you take in response? Explain. As shown when Andersen themselves called into question the practices of one of it’s competitors (calling for an investigation), these issues at Andersen are not unique to their company (though it may not happen on as grand of a scale). If I was the top partner at one of the other major accounting firms at the time of Andersen’s demise, I would have immediately either called for an internal investigation of my firm’s practices or volunteered to have my company’s practices reviewed by the SEC or another appropriate authority. I would be open with what was found, make any necessary changes to organizational structure or practices, and move forward. I think this would be important because at the time of Andersen’s demise, it is likely the credibility of ALL accounting firms was hurt, and I would want there is to be proof that our company was doing things the right way. 7. In 2000, the SEC proposed new regulations that would limit consulting work by accounting firms. This proposal was not passed by congress. Do you think the legislators were trying to act in the public interest when they failed to pass this proposal? Explain. Legislators were not acting in the public’s best interests; they were bowing to pressure from the auditing industry lobbyists. Steve Samek, who spearheaded operations that already lead lawsuits, payouts, bankruptcies and fines, led the charge to oppose the proposal. At that point it should have been obvious that the right call was passing the proposal. The fact that different legislation related to the oversight of accounting firms was eventually passed later on in 2002 (the SOA) shows that oversight was necessary, but just needed a spectacular failure like Andersen/Enron to allow legislators to feel comfortable in taking a stand. 8. The American Institute of CPAs is the primary professional association for CPAs. It has developed a Code of Professional Conduct that sets the  standards of conduct for CPAs. People can file complaints about the ethical conduct of a CPA with the AICPA, which can levy sanctions and other penalties against its members. Do you think that the unethical conduct at Andersen (and possibly other accounting firms) was the fault of the AICPA for not setting and enforcing higher ethical standard among its members? Explain. While I think the AICPA has a place in setting standards and ethics in the industry, and has the right to levy sanctions and penalties against it’s members (based on complaints that are filed), they are not a regulatory agency and their reach only extends so far. In reality, being a member organization, if a corporation does not want to deal with or answer to the AICPA, they and choose not to be a member. It may hurt their reputation, but in the long run the work they do and the clients they have will have a much greater effect of their business than whether or not they are a member of the AICPA. While it is nice to have organizations like the AICPA and the SEC overlooking the practices of corporations in the industry, it is hard to transfer fault for the unethical behavior of a company away from the company that behaved that was to some member organization or regulatory agency. It is the organization or agency’s place to set guidelines and respond when corporations do not follow them. 9. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 established a new five-person board to oversee financial accounting in publicly traded corporations. The board is appointed by the SEC. Prior to the creation of this board the industry relied primarily on self-regulation through the AICPA. Do you think the establishment of the new oversight board was a good idea or should he profession have continued to be self-regulated? I think in practice, a combination of both works. The industry need to show that it is interested itself in keeping it’s practices on the level and being transparent. But at the end of the day, you will always find someone who likes to work outside the system. In these cases having the SEC oversight board is a critical tool to keep companies in line that may think they can work the system. Also, having SEC oversight can result in much  stiffer penalties for the organization, so it carries and extra layer of deterrent for companies who may think about making questionable decisions. Andersen themselves, in the form of managing partner Leonard Spacek, saw the power of SEC intervention early on (1947).

Customer Feedback Is An Art Of Discernment Essay - 884 Words

Customer Success Management: 3 keys to the leadership skill Evaluating customer feedback is an art of discernment. It takes mining, benchmarking, segmentation, differentiation, and more. How to effectively evaluate customer feedback is a running challenge for businesses of all sizes. The ability runs through the three keys to the leadership skill in customer success management. CRM alone is not the solution. In â€Å"Learning from Customer Defections,† loyalty marketing expert Frederick Reichheld wrote, â€Å"It is uncomfortable to study failure too closely.† He puts it even more specifically in â€Å"The Loyalty Effect: the cost of investor disloyalty† where he asserts: â€Å"The foundation of customer loyalty - that great engine of long-term profit and cash flow – is customer value and the long-term investment that creates it.† But, Reichheld and others believe trusting this value to Customer Retention Management systems is misplaced: †¢ 55% of Customer Retention Management (CRM) programs reduce earning by irritating and driving customers away. †¢ User-satisfaction with CRM systems ranked in the bottom three of 25 management tools. †¢ One in five executive end users surveyed felt the programs disengaged customers and customer serving employees. Finally, Frederick Reichheld’s research indicates the reliance on automated CRM programs is based on â€Å"A single flawed assumption: that CRM is software that manages customer relationships for you. It isn’t. Managing customer relationships is bundlingShow MoreRelatedAn Understanding Of Professional By Creating A Guide For Practitioners1436 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship with parents. One of the primary focuses of the literature is the importance of good communication, as it is a vital foundation in the development of a progressive relationship. The text mentions that communication is an ‘expression of art’, it should be given from the heart, generous to parents (Hughes and Read, 2012: 14). The study mentions confident practitioners being able to communicate with parents, will build trust between the two allowing parents to experience secure and confidentRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 PagesOfficer Kapl an Asia Pacific Contents Introduction Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Topic 5 Topic 6 Topic 7 Topic 8 Topic 9 Introduction to marketing Introduction to sales The financial services customer Marketing and sales strategy Acquiring customers Making the most of channels Managing customer relationships Legal compliance and ethics in marketing and sales The bottom line — measuring the effectiveness of marketing and sales Introduction Subject aims In a competitive, demand-driven financialRead MoreEffect of Motivation on Employees9326 Words   |  38 Pagesthis goal will succeed. Motivation is fundamental to human behaviour (Cesare and Sandri, 2003). Staff motivation is the basis for organizational survival; in fact it argued that employees are the greatest asset of a company, and that satisfied customers must satisfy employee requirements (Nebeker, Busso, Werefels, Diallo, Czekajewski and Ferman, 2001). Non-profit organizations might only have to spend resources to carefully select intrinsically motivated employees, but also find ways to continuouslyRead MorePlenary Session69346 Words   |  278 Pagesothers – they are not. Perhaps it just has to sit with them too. Let the situation resolve itself and never stop believing that love is the true answer. 10. When in Doubt, Ask Questions! Don t assume that the lack of feedback is the same thing as negative feedback. If you need feedback and don t have any, ask for it. This content comes from: http://www.thepersonalitypage.com/, and much of it was written by Robert Heyward. Portrait of an ENTJ - Extraverted iNtuitive Thinking Judging (ExtravertedRead MoreGame Theory and Economic Analyst83847 Words   |  336 Pagesanother reviewer for a sense of what Von Neumann and Morgenstern had achieved and proposed. The background Strategic games have long prehistory. The notion of war as a zero-sum (or constant-sum) game between two players goes back at least to The Art of War written by Sun Tzu in the third century ï  ¢Ã¯  £Ã¯  ¥ or earlier (Sunzi bingfa; see Cleary 1988, which also translates eleven classical Chinese commentaries on the work). Emerson Niou and Peter Ordeshcok (1990) credit Sun Tzu with anticipations of

Mise-en-Scene in In the Mood for Love Free Essay Example, 1500 words

In the Mood for Love may be using the commercial genre of the melodrama at its core, but the film structure itself is highly stylized; even the narrative receives an art-house treatment. That said, Wong is fond of creating moody atmospheres through a combination of mise-en-scene, cinematography and his own directing style. The framing serves to magnify the isolation that the characters feel, but also the particularities and emotional reactions of his actors, especially Maggie Cheung s. The cramped apartments and narrow streets that see the to and fro of the protagonists serves to highlight the claustrophobia of their actual environment, which in turn highlights the loneliness of their existence. At the same time, the same cramped spaces inspire a sense of intimacy: for instance, the constricted stairway which leads to the street noodle stand often forces Chow and So to move well within each other s personal space whenever they happen to cross each other one going down, the other re turning to their apartment. At times, several planes will come into focus or shift from one another, drawing attention to a character or to an action which is occurring in either the foreground or the background these shifts do not always bear relevance to the plot, but are aesthetically pleasing and fit the mood of a given scene. We will write a custom essay sample on Mise-en-Scene in 'In the Mood for Love' or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Their absence in the scene helps in fulfilling 2 main aims: the first, is to free the 2 of them from their respective partners; they are persons who are in existence in a different dimension, both physically and emotionally. The second aim, it shifts the attention entirely on the characters that have been cheated upon, focusing on their reaction to the betrayal and how they deal with it.

Emotional Intelligence And Self Management - 858 Words

Emotional Intelligence is the ability to control your emotions without drama or confrontation. This is a direct reflection of people skills or interpersonal skills. We have to control our emotions especially in business anytime people are involved. Sometimes emotions flare and tempers follow even in the workplace but one who has control of their emotions or high interpersonal skills will not allow anyone to provoke them into this type of behavior. When people are interacting on the job someone may suggest completing the task in a different way from their teammate and this can sometimes lead to verbal confrontations or physical altercations. Emotional Intelligence is affiliated with four other components such as; Self-management, Self-awareness, Empathy, and Relationship management. If you can control your emotions, anger, responses, and behavior then you are on the correct path of self-management. Good decision-making is inclusive with self-management as well as taking the initiative to complete tasks or solve problems. Self-manage is controlling your triggers and knowing when to release the triggers to make improvements or initiate actions. The individual will focus on internal and external factors that affect the way you might think. This links back to Emotional Intelligence and it the connection is relevant and it also how you manage other team members’ character or attitude. A self-managed leader can balance the conversation appropriately and effectively with theirShow MoreRelatedSelf Discipline Is A Classroom Management And Social / Emotional Intelligence Program1134 Words   |  5 PagesOverview of Conscio us Discipline Conscious Discipline is a classroom management and social/emotional intelligence program designed to empower both teachers and students in their daily lives.The program was developed by Rebecca Bailey, Ph. 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Mindfulness for PTSD

Question: Discuss about the Mindfulness for PTSD. Answer: Mindfulness for PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) Thorough research related to various medical conditions can be done to ascertain the requisite knowledge for information gathering. Investigative research is a means of looking for answers not readily available. Post traumatic stress disorder is a medical condition which occurs by encountering re-occurring manifestations, which alters the normal functioning of the boy, like moods, temperance among others. Its genesis often, is experiencing of traumatising events such as war, rape physical assault, natural calamities and violence experience, (Howlett Stein, 2016). In trying to manage post traumatic stress disorder, mindfulness based theory has been utilised, it is a concept which rotates around promotion, mindfulness and mental state. In developed nations, mindfulness based theory, is taking deep roots. Mindfulness based therapies is incorporated in the treatment plans of patients, elimination of negative thoughts is always a priority, they include depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. Mindfulness often plays a significant role in shaping the thoughts of an individual patient. They aid in relieving symptoms of stress, issues of metal health and pain, (Burke, 2010). For Abdul to gain more insights into the mindfulness based theory and practice, medline and Cinhal databases are the best in handling this task, it utilises, Medline and Cinhhal databases. Medline offers full text journal articles making it easier for learners in the medical field especially nursing to be up to date with research activities. The rationale for selecting this two databases is that Medline database often includes full text materials from over 14,000 journals most of which are found for nursing. Medline involves materials in health care, medicine health care, physical therapy and more. It the most reliable databases so far.as it has Nursing and rehabilitation and patient reference centre. Worldwide, nurses, health practitioners and researchers depend on this two databases for comprehensive medical information. In order to understand the question answering aspect, PICO format is used as a guide towards researching the concept at hand. Evidence based practice has been used for both the medical team and patients themselves in trying to understand the pharmacological world of health and medicines. Evidence based medicine has been widely used in the diseases physiology, (Patterson Coppens, 2017). PICO format of formulating questions and answering involves, patient, intervention, comparison and outcome events. It is widely utilized in evidence based practice. The key words used to be used in doing the research include posttraumatic stress disorder and mindfulness based therapy. These words will be used in combination with Boolean operators. They include the use of AND, OR, and NOT.AND tool narrows the search by commanding the search engine to get records containing the first word in the phrase. However failure to insert the key word, computer automatically inserts them using java script tool. OR expands the search to include both the keyword or both. It assist when there are many similar word in the search criteria. NOT operator excludes the unwanted words, (Columbia, 2017). In answering the first key clinical question, of veterans being mindful based therapy effective for the treatment with Post traumatic stress disorder, the following table will assist us in the search; Key word search Alternative words Patient/population Veterans Military men/ soldiers/war victims/police intervention Mindful based therapy Therapy, depressions, anxiety, mindfulness, mindfulness based stress reduction control Stress, Attitude, behaviour outcome Relaxation, moods, consciousness Reactivity, openness, Table using CINHAL databases Action Search mode Result Limiters S1 veterans OR Military men AND Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Find 9,160 2016 - 2017 S2 mindful based therapy Find 21.300 2016-2017 S3 post traumatic stress disorder AND mindfulness based therapy find 7,490 2016 - 2017 S4 prevention of post traumatic stress disorder AND mindfulness based therapy Find 5.060 2016-2017 S5 veterans AND post traumatic stress disorder AND mindfulness therapy Find 2.850 2016-2017 S6 veterans and post traumatic stress disorder and treatment and mindfulness therapy Find 2,480 2016- 2017 The results indicate above are accurate however there are many studies relating to the study topic hence the huge number of article searches found. However with the use of the boolen operators one can be able to narrow down on specific searches which directs to topic of study. The results may not be 100 % accurate, but the results obtain are ear to the mark. Boolen operators are used to focus on searches, especially in this case where the topic contain several searches. They connect different information in order to narrow down on topic of interest. They reduce the number of records found, by focussing on target topic easily. Hence scenario the searches are accurate and relevant to the topic of choice. It is evident from this task that as you narrow down with complex use of the boolen operators the more the reduced the results you get, this will guide on being specific on the case issue being investigated, in this Mr. Abdul who is seeking help from post traumatic stress disorder usin g mindfulness based therapy. References Howlett, J. R., Stein, M. B. (2016). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Burke, C.A. (2010). Mindfulness-based approaches with children and adolescents: A preliminary review of current research in an emergent field. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 133-144. DOI 10.1007/s10826-009-9282-x. Retrieved from https://www.mindfulschools.org/pdf/burke-child-adol.pdf Patterson, J., Coppens, P. (2017). Integrating Principles of Evidence-Based Practice into Aphasia Rehabilitation. Aphasia Rehabilitation: Clinical Challenges, 355. Boolean Operators. Columbia University Catalogue. Retrieved from https://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/help/clio/boolean_operators.html at 00.08, 13/04/2017. Khusid, M. A., Vythilingam, M. (2016). The emerging role of mindfulness meditation as effective self-management strategy, Part 1: clinical implications for depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety. Military medicine, 181(9), 961-968. King, A. P., Block, S. R., Sripada, R. K., Rauch, S., Giardino, N., Favorite, T., ... Liberzon, I. (2016). Altered Default Mode Network (Dmn) Resting State Functional Connectivity Following A Mindfulness?Based Exposure Therapy For Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd) In Combat Veterans Of Afghanistan And Iraq. Depression and anxiety, 33(4), 289-299.

Fashion Advertisment Effect on Women Essay Example

Fashion Advertisment Effect on Women Paper About two years ago one of my good friends struggled with self-confidence to an immense degree. It affected her daily life, friendships, and relationships. Being her best friend, I was always the one she vented to about her dissatisfaction, and it was constant. It got to a point where it was not very pleasant to be around her. She was always putting on pounds of makeup, switching out her outfits (because she thought she looked fat), and complaining that no guys ever noticed her. Dealing with the same things but on a much smaller level, I started to notice why all this dissatisfaction came upon us. We had just reached the stage where we were noticing all the media and it was taking a toll on us. With constant ads of flawless models in our faces we began to try to imitate this beauty but failed miserably. I came to the conclusion that the modeling industry bares a huge responsibility in providing realistic and healthy role models for young women because if only unrealistic, underweight models are constantly in the media, woman will come to believe these misconceptions of what beauty is, which then can affect their self-confidence in a negative manner. You may not fully be aware of what the modeling industry exactly does to these flawless pictures you constantly see. The artificial process a modeling industry uses to create an ad is hidden from the public. Jean Kilbourne’s film Killing Us Softly 4, she explains the process of making a fashion advertisement picture. The company begins by taking a model that has a body type â€Å"that fewer than 5% of American woman have,† and they Photoshop the picture. This is often done by taking several different pictures of models and taking, for example, the lips of one model and the legs of another model and morphing them together to make one person. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Advertisment Effect on Women specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Advertisment Effect on Women specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Advertisment Effect on Women specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Kilbourne’s words, â€Å"four or five women get put together to look like one perfect women. † Ken Harris, a photo retouch-er, explained that a photo is worked on for multiple rounds, going from the retouch-ers to the client and the agency to continue the process of perfection. There is rarely ever a photograph of what is considered a beautiful woman that has not been Photoshoped. Cindy Crawford, a famous super model, has quoted â€Å"I wish I looked like Cindy Crawford† meaning that even the models do not look like themselves in photos. As if these models are not thin enough, the bodies of thin models are Photoshopped as well. This is interesting because â€Å"the body size of glamorous models is often more than 20% underweight. † (Amy Brown 1088). Kilbourne brings the example of the model Filippa Hamilton who was digitally altered to have her head larger than her pelvic bone which is physically impossible. With these perfected inhuman like photos constantly haunting us everywhere, it makes it hard for women to have confidence in their beauty and body because the media distorts it. No matter how hard we try, it is nearly impossible to achieve this beauty simply because it’s fake. Only computers can generate this kind of beauty. No wonder teenage girls are so emotional. Standards of beauty are shoved in their faces and it is impossible for girls to achieve them. Being exposed to these photos can do an abundance of damage to young girls. One example of a negative effect is the way young woman perceive their body image. Marika Tiggemann and Janet Polivy, explain a study they wrote, how one hundred and fourteen women were exposed to fashion magazines with thin, attractive women, leading the majority of candidates in the study feeling dissatisfied with themselves and a decreasing elevation of mood. Their results concluded how exactly the idealized media images translate into disapproval of one’s self. The same thing was proved in a study written by Gayle R. Bessenoff. â€Å"Exposure to thin-ideal advertisements increased body dissatisfaction, negative mood, and levels of depression and lowered self-esteem. †(Bessenoff 239) In Body Image, Media Effect on, Kristen Harrison breaks down the two terms: body image and well disordered eating. She explains research that has been done reveals: â€Å"exposure to the thin-body ideal leads to temporary decreases in self-esteem and increases in body and weight dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety. Leon Festinger, who has done much research on the topic of body image, found in his studies â€Å"that people are driven to evaluate themselves through comparison with others. † (Harrison 80) As Festinger mentions, women judge themselves based on others expectations of them. Therefore, when women are constantly exposed to extremely thin, Photoshopped models in magazines, on the television, internet, and billboards, they begin to compare themselves to these images because the images are everywhere. Since no one is able to look like these models women began to feel bad about themselves for not having this â€Å"beauty† that is unattainable. This lack in self-confidence leads to changes in mood as Harrison mentioned. Then mood escalates into bigger problems such as eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia. The selection Body Image explains how the Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) defines eating disorders as aâ€Å"serious disturbances in eating behavior† that typically comes with â€Å"feelings of distress or extreme concern about body shape or weight. (Retzinger 52-53) She then explains how a study done at the University of Minnesota found that girls who often read magazine articles about dieting are more likely, to participate in extreme weight-loss measures during adulthood, such as vomiting, rather than girls who never read articles of that nature. This clearly shows that exposure to images of models is effective towards women as well as young girls. In the article titled, Super-skinny models drive seven-year-olds into anorexia, Dr. Jon Goldin is interviewed and explains how he has had a patients as young as 7, struggling with eating disorders due to the fashion trend of â€Å"stick thin models. † In my opinion, this is sickening that even children are being affected and not only young women. his is exactly why the world needs to have good role models in the media. Women and â€Å"young girls, of course are especially vulnerable† (Kilbourne 591) and desperate for someone to look up to. And to have women that are in the media in the current society is very much indeed toxic to women as seen in these examples. Although on the contrary, some argue that the media is not the lead causing factor of eating disorders. In an article called, Whos To Blame For Anorexic Children ,Benjamin Radford interviews a couple of doctors and scientists. They believe that the media plays a much smaller role in eating disorders than what society believes. Dr. Bryant-Waugh states that: â€Å"Models and other society influences are, in our experience, rarely a contributory factor to the development of eating and weight difficulties in young children. Then Radford uses the example of the movie Black Swan, which includes a very underweight Natalie Portman and how the public thought this would bring an uproar of anorexia, however there hasn’t been any evidence to prove that factor quiet yet. While that may be true in part, several studies have proven that the media has a huge effect on women as far as eating disorders. Radford claimed anorexia/bulimia is a â€Å"biological illness† however eating disor ders are rooted in self- image; therefore it is a psychological problem. Body image has been a problem for years and probably before the media was ever created. However the media influences young girls’ perceptions of how they should look like. Rather than in the past where women didn’t have constant images of what they should be looking like. This is exactly why body image is a problem in current society. Women are constantly reminded that they are not living up to the expectations. Through this evidence, it is clearly shown that the modeling agency should be providing healthy and realistic role models to young women. Right now the modeling agency is lacking in that area. Instead woman are provided with unhealthy, thin and Photoshopped models. In result to that, young girls and women are not being able to live up to these false expectations. From that comes terrible self-esteem, mood changes, depression, anxiety and of course anorexia/ bulimia. Now these are just a few of the many results. The way some of these models live their lives, is also a leading factor and should also be re-evaluated if young women are proven to look up to models. Just think about how many young women are dealing with bad relationships involving sex, drugs, alcohol and partying on top of self- esteem issues. Young girls are very vulnerable and confused of who they are at the age where they are affected by the media the most. Therefore, that is the time when a good role model is needed in their life the most and society has failed to provide that with their unattainably perfect models. Works Cited Bessenoff, Gayle R. Can the Media Affect Us? Social Comparison, Self-Discrepancy, and the Thin Ideal. Psychology of Women Quarterly (Sept. 2006): 239-251. ERIC. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. ;http://www. pierce. ctc. edu:2088/ 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 2006. 0292. x;. Brown, Amy, and Helga Dittmar. Think Thin and Feel Bad: The Role of AppearanceSchema Activation, Attention Level and Thin-Ideal Internalization For YoungWomen’s Responses To Ultra-Thin Media Ideals Journal of Social ; ClinicalPsychology 24. 8 (2005): 1088-1113. PDF file. Harrison, Kristen. Body Image, Media Effect on. Encyclopedia of Communication andInformation. Ed. Jorge Reina Schement. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan ReferenceUSA, 2002. 79-81. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. Killing Us Softly 4. Jean Kilbourne. University of Massachusetts Amherst, Ma. 2010. Film Kilbourne, Jean. â€Å"Two Ways A Woman Can Get Hurt. † Rereading America. GaryColombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston and New York,Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010, pages 575-599, Print. Radford, Benjamin. Whos To Blame For Anorexic Children? Discovery News. N. p. , 9Aug. 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. ;http://news. discovery. com/human -thin-modelsnot-to-blame-for-anorexia. html;. Retzinger, Jean. Body Image. The Media. Ed. Robin Andersen and Jonathan Gray. Vol. 1. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008. 1-56. Battleground. Gale VirtualReference Library. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. Super-skinny models drive seven-year-olds into anorexia. Daily Mail. N. p. Sept. 2006. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. ;http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-405874/Superskinny-models-drive-seven-year-olds-anorexia. html;. Tiggemann, Marika, and Janet Polivy. Upward and Downward: Social ComparisonProcessing of Thin Idealized Media Images. Psychology of Women Quarterly (Sept. 2010): 356-364. ERIC. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. ;http://www. pierce. ctc. edu:2088/10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 2010. 1581. x;. Annotated Bibliography Retzinger, Jean. Body Image. The Media. Ed. Robin Andersen and Jonathan Gray. Vol. 1. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008. 51-56 Battleground. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 25 Nov. 2011. This is a subject encyclopedia article. The article starts out explaining how people perceive their body image, and how it changes based on influences like the media. Then it briefly goes into the studies of average body weights in woman and models and how the history and culture of the body image conception came to be. This article could be very useful for my research paper because it gives a simple explanation on my topic in a pretty broad topic, pointing out all the areas I was hoping to cover in this assignment. It already has given me a clear explanation on the controversy of my topic, therefore it is a great source. Jean Retzinger the author of this article is a professor at University of California Berkeley who teaches in the communications department so, this shows this would be a credible source because she knows facts and doesn’t just base an article off emotional opinions. Harrison, Kristen. Body Image, Media Effect on. Encyclopedia of Communication and Information. Ed. Jorge Reina Schement. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. 79-81. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 25 Nov. 2011 This is a subject encyclopedia article. This article focuses more so on eating disorders and how the media has caused that. They mention theories and research studies on both body image an d eating disorders. This article is very useful because it goes more into depth on the effect of the media on woman’s body image and research shown through trends and history. It gives me the distinction between body image and eating disorders which are two very different topics that I had not became aware of. This is a credible source because it includes many researchers’ names as well as theories that have great evidence to back it up as well as clear history. Brown, Amy, and Helga Dittmar. Think Thin and Feel Bad: The Role of Appearance Schema Activation, Attention Level and Thin-Ideal Internalization For Young Women’s Responses To Ultra-Thin Media Ideals Journal of Social Clinical Psychology 24. 8 (2005): 1088-1113. PDF file. This is a journal entry. This entry talks specifically on the further study of how thin media models have a negative impact on young womens body image, looking deeper into how quickly it affects woman and the anxiety it brings by exposing 75 women to advertisements. This document will be useful to prove my opinion in the essay because it will bring recent scientific studies as facts to persuade. Also bringing facts based opinions to the essay to show further evidence. This journal is very credible because it is an experiment used with a large group of woman. Not only is it one experiment but it is a further studied experiment to dig deeper. It also was written by two college professors at University of Sussex, England and they had cited credible sources and many of them. Media Influence. Rader Programs. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Nov. 2011 http://www. raderprograms. com/causes-statistics/media-eating-disorders. html. This is a webpage document. It starts off with a brief introduction explaining the opinion on how the media has influenced problems such as anorexia and bulimia, and it then goes into lists of statistics on ieting, body image, models, and television and movies. Also it gives suggestions on how we can slowly change societies view. This site will be very useful for my paper because it provides many statistics rather than just a bunch of writing about a subject. This information however isn’t as high of credibility as the sources before mainly because there was many facts, but no written sources of where all these facts come from. Also there was no authors or names written down, just the website name. Super-skinny models drive seven-year-olds into anorexia. Daily Mail. N. p. Sept. 2006. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-405874/Super-skinny-models-drive-seven-year-olds-anorexia. html. This is a webpage journal document. This article is about doctors, teachers and current models opinions on the waiflike models effect on young girls. This will be useful to my paper because it provides doctors opinions on how the media is effecting young women’s health, while also bringing current models who disagree with the whole waiflike look opinions and explanations of what they see behind the scenes. This article has semi credibility because even though it brings opinions of a successful doctor, model and teacher, it is only includes 3 opinions. But if it was a larger group of opinions it would make the article much more credible. Radford, Benjamin. Whos To Blame For Anorexic Children? Discovery News. N. p. , 9 Aug. 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. http://news. discovery. com/human -thin-models-not-to-blame-for-anorexia. html. This is a webpage journal document. This article was more so on how there is much more to eating disorders than just being the media’s fault. The article included eating disorder expert’s quotes as well as current examples of how the media hasn’t affected woman as much as other factors like friends, family and the media. This article will be useful to my essay because it brings counter arguments to the table and shows opposing opinions to this topic. Under the article it included reader’s opinions and with reading that, it helped me to develop a good argument to this subject. This article has semi credibility because it is a very brief article and doesn’t go into much detail like the reference books do. However it does give brief quotes on researcher’s